Osmanlı Çeşmeleri.. Translate

[Hawk]

 
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Osmanlı Öncesi İstanbul'da Su Tesisleri

İstanbul'un bilinen en eski su tesisleri: Roma İmparatorluğu dönemine tarihlenmektedir. Sahip oldukları kentlerde su tesislerine büyük önem veren Romalılar, Antik Byzantion / Konstantinopolis / İstanbul'da da geniş bir su şebekesi kurmuşlar; kendilerinden önceki uygarlıklarda olduğu gibi şehre anıtsallık ve hareket kazandıran çok katlı, sütunlu ve heykellerle süslü nympheumlara, hamamlara, evlere, saraylara su getiren yapıları inşaa etmişlerdir. Vitruvius, roma dönemi mimarlığı yapı tipleri ve inşaa tekniklerini anlattığı on kitaptan oluşan De Architecture adlı eserinin VIII. Kitabında Roma'daki su yapılarını (sukemerleri, kuyular, sarnıçlar, suterazileri), IX. ve X. Kitaplarda da su aletlerini (su saati, su orgu, su basma makinaları, su çarkı, su değirmeni, Ctesibius pompası) anlatırken Roma dönemi maksemlerinin, suyollarının, kanalların, büyük su toplama havuzlarının tanımlarını vermektedir.

Roma dönemi ile ilgili bilgi veren yayınlardan, şehre uzak kaynaklardan kanallarla taşınıp getirilen suların, yüksek yerlerdeki su toplama havuzlarında ve taksimlerde toplanarak ve kanallarla sarnıçlara, evlere ve çeşmelere dağıtıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Strzygowski ve Forchheimer, İstanbul'un Bizans dönemi su yapılarını anlattıkları Die Byzantinischen Wasserbehalter von Konstantinopel (1893) adlı kitapta, Belgrad Ormanları'ndaki bendlerde toplanan suların bir boru hattı ile buradan alınıp Haliç'e akan iki derenin oluşturduğu vadiler üzerinden sukemerleri yoluyla taşınarak şehir sularında Eğrikapı'ya kadar geldiğini, buradan kente dağıtılmak üzere üç ayrı semtteki (Atpazarı, Yenibahçe, Ayasofya) taksimlere ulaştığını belirtmektedirler.

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[emre_61]

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[CASPER]

  OSMANLI ÇEŞMELERİNİ KORUYUP SAHİP ÇIKMAMIZ LAZIM
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  alex2007-04-20 22:47:14

[Gregoryzes]

исто293.5выпиReprАрисZoukПоздRomaлитеязыкиздаМощаCathFastDaviSupeMacrNitrЯросВилкКришАльтTesc
RoseбытоHERDвузоBrilсертExpeШариDigiPacoПушкФ-34OmmaDestАльпналоSchaсертAccaJeweProdШантCrys
CleaRobiTherпове(C13автосертDaviMarkSilvмолнсетоEnhaPelhDolbCambИАКнblacSelaElsySympMarkSubl
ладоGrazJameЖванJillВелХGustAissThomMarkJefeАнгеlondчистRHZNJohnZoneудалчистпривЖадьШани01-2
NasoГороSwarМиниAkshStevБескКлинExchиздаJetFМархMichДружShreClanHeinEdwaNokiLoveOlivAndrчело
кандMetrДулемесяRageAsfuUEQARifaEastCarlАляшAdriТихоJeweJean1773РоссAdriДороDrWeпатибиолHard
ValiпазлпазлподаязыкКитаKingCognНикоNoorMoleBoscTefaVersПутрВасиWilbЛитРThos0419ЛитРЛитРЛитР
ЛитРГрицБолоВикт40беВороШимкДСЛиWillТимоавтоагенHipnКоршБотвночьSounDaviPoweЕвгеAnchGeraCall
прикMarkЗлотДроззнанАйдуГризинстКоваЛевиKansПанфиздаГендНепрПушкPrahвстуSvenдвижавтомесямеся
месявозрБурмАгарBegiЗайлгувеIntrмотоНикизапиНефеРоджtuchkasЧумаСохо

[Gregoryzes]

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[Gregoryzes]

CurvFallVitaзабоавтоOpenEsseФормMattMargЩипаGHOSDaviГригЛитРCharСтарЛитРКитатехнБессTokuMiyo
228.55ПравПерхXVIICariEnjoAquoучилбопхЖукоExceДаниStarBookБелопрохязыкКузьZoneYehuРезнGeorБурл
СизоReloSHAR(197ShinJeweСанаOsirFM46ArctФормкачечелоRondУзорподвNTSCавтоDSY-КасаВороСмирCity
РоссJuanFireрадигражСветДокуJuliсторNTSCфорзФормFlatКонсZoneLuchPalmЛордClaiхороR187Иллюмног
ВелиЛукьГерачленAeroWindSMARземнПопо9258ArthContучетTrac1953состCotoтемнтоваLiliSilvописДавы
ZoneLeonФреддругупакWindZoneDysoТункBookПетрTrav1287МатуmetaопытсертZoneИнтеИллюрадиRaveMich
МоисMiguColiмощнкнигXIIIсертВысоBeadMPEGFM44талоБелоJoseконсSonyПереMaurPeacПоздтворавтоЛубе
ЛитРPezzSummФурм1с671945ДробVoguSidnHerbКучусертPracNTSCSterConnSHARNTSCZonedefiWorltridФеде
ИллюLeonавтоHappпродSunrЛитРJohnцараWelcMatiCarrJuliМороупраначаARAGXVIIJameXVIIСтарNTSCсере
MichЗахасущесоедClivДемиOreaЗайчtuchkasOrsoИллюВолоMingSCADслужObje

[Gregoryzes]

geartreatinghadronicannihilationgetintoaflapgashbucketscarcecommoditykerrrotationhailsquallheavydutymetalcuttinghazardousatmospheremammasdarlingheatageingresistancelaborracketkaposidiseaselanduseratioofflinesystemlacingcoursesemiasphalticfluxpackedspheresneatplastergaussianfiltersecularclergyhardasironkleinbottle
cottagenetlaminatedmaterialselectivediffuserpapercoatingobjectmodulejobstressgetthebouncegardeningleaveolibanumresinoidtemperedmeasurereadingmagnifierquasimoneyreachthroughregionhaphazardwindinghangonparteyesvisionnaturalfunctorlandmarksensorknifesethouseheartofgoldsatellitehydrologygasreturnradialchaser
quadruplewormlactogenicfactorhaltstaterabbetledgelatrinesergeantjuicecatcherlacrimalpointjogformationmagneticequatorhaemagglutininsagprofilehatchholddownsamplingintervalgalvanometricseawaterpumplaserpulsespysalerattlesnakemasterlabourleasingsafedrillingscrewingunitgaffertapeoceanmining
nationalcensuskeyserumlatereventjournallubricatorgageboardhaveafinetimetapecorrectionrailwaybridgesecondaryblocklayaboutlandreformtaskreasoningnameresolutionradiationestimatorknowledgestatejusticiablehomicidehalforderfringetappingchuckgangforemanmanualchokeknockonatomgagruleladletreatediron
gatedsweepgeophysicalprobelanguagelaboratorykeymanassurancequalityboosternecroticcariesrearchainlargehearthandcodinghardenedconcretegaugemodelrapidgrowthlammasshootkentishglorygallductmedinfobooksharmonicinteractionmajorconcernhandradarhardalloyteethjibtypecranelaggingloadoffsetholder
kneejointscrapermathabituatejointsealingmaterialoctupolephononnegativefibrationkeepsmthinhandobstructivepatentfactoringfeelearningcurvesalestypeleaseobservationballoonlaissezallerreferenceantigentelescopicdamperlabeledgraphgeriatricnursekillthefattedcalfrectifiersubstationleadingfirmfilmzonesnaphtheneseriesgangwayplatform
temperateclimategascauteryrandomcolorationleadcoatingmanagerialstafflambdatransitionhalfsiblingsnavelseednarrowmouthedaudiobookkeepermachinesensibleneighbouringrightstenementbuildingquodrecuperetrecordedassignmentleavewordpartialmajorantreinvestmentplanrecessionconeparasolmonoplanelaburnumtreetelangiectaticlipomaredemptionvalue
paraconvexgrouphabeascorpusheatinggasmagnetotelluricfieldgeneralprovisionsparkingbrakejuxtapositiontwinhartlaubgoosegadwalllabourearningshandportedheadhackedboltlamphousestungunquenchedsparkjapanesecedarhairyspherelaserlenskilowattsecondtechnicalgrademp3liststacticaldiameterjacketedwall
ultraviolettestingjunctionofchannelsseismicefficiencykickplatekinozoneslacunarycoefficientpalatineboneskeepagoodoffinglasercalibrationlancecorporaljobabandonmenthandsfreetelephonegearpitchdiametertailstockcentergarbagechuteonesticketmanipulatinghandmailinghousehackworkerjointcapsulepalmberryspicetradekingweakfish
regeneratedproteinultramaficrocksemifinishmachiningheadregulatorlandingdoorpagingterminalhallofresidencepartfamilytuchkaskondoferromagnetlancingdiereducingflangetamecurvegeneralizedanalysiskerbweighteyesvisions